+ COMMAND=start + start + exec uwsgi --ini /etc/nova/nova-api-uwsgi.ini [uWSGI] getting INI configuration from /etc/nova/nova-api-uwsgi.ini *** Starting uWSGI 2.0.31 (64bit) on [Tue Sep 8 16:20:33 2026] *** compiled with version: 13.3.0 on 02 June 2026 01:55:00 os: Linux-5.15.0-190-generic #200-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 7 15:06:04 UTC 2026 nodename: nova-api-osapi-686db95665-xfxns machine: x86_64 clock source: unix pcre jit disabled detected number of CPU cores: 16 current working directory: / detected binary path: /var/lib/openstack/bin/uwsgi *** dumping internal routing table *** [rule: 0] subject: user_agent regexp: ^kube-probe.* action: donotlog: *** end of the internal routing table *** your memory page size is 4096 bytes detected max file descriptor number: 1048576 lock engine: pthread robust mutexes thunder lock: enabled uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 0.0.0.0:8774 fd 3 Python version: 3.12.3 (main, Mar 3 2026, 12:15:18) [GCC 13.3.0] Python main interpreter initialized at 0x7f330deb4668 python threads support enabled your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 80 seconds mapped 403077 bytes (393 KB) for 2 cores *** Operational MODE: preforking *** *** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode *** spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 1) spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 7, cores: 1) spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 8, cores: 1) running "unix_signal:15 gracefully_kill_them_all" (master-start)... 2026-09-08 16:20:37.535 8 INFO nova.utils [None req-ba6ae5c6-73c4-4246-b6d3-5fd0c0027c55 - - - - - -] The cell worker thread pool MainProcess.cell_worker is initialized 2026-09-08 16:20:37.665 7 INFO nova.utils [None req-58fc51fb-350b-4458-b5a7-392d9c4464aa - - - - - -] The cell worker thread pool MainProcess.cell_worker is initialized 2026-09-08 16:20:39.347 8 WARNING keystonemiddleware._common.config [None req-ba6ae5c6-73c4-4246-b6d3-5fd0c0027c55 - - - - - -] The option "audit_map_file" is not known to keystonemiddleware 2026-09-08 16:20:39.355 8 WARNING keystonemiddleware.auth_token [None req-ba6ae5c6-73c4-4246-b6d3-5fd0c0027c55 - - - - - -] Configuring www_authenticate_uri to point to the public identity endpoint is required; clients may not be able to authenticate against an admin endpoint 2026-09-08 16:20:39.410 8 WARNING keystonemiddleware._common.config [None req-ba6ae5c6-73c4-4246-b6d3-5fd0c0027c55 - - - - - -] The option "audit_map_file" is not known to keystonemiddleware 2026-09-08 16:20:39.416 8 WARNING keystonemiddleware.auth_token [None req-ba6ae5c6-73c4-4246-b6d3-5fd0c0027c55 - - - - - -] Configuring www_authenticate_uri to point to the public identity endpoint is required; clients may not be able to authenticate against an admin endpoint 2026-09-08 16:20:39.425 8 WARNING oslo_config.cfg [None req-ba6ae5c6-73c4-4246-b6d3-5fd0c0027c55 - - - - - -] Deprecated: Option "api_servers" from group "glance" is deprecated for removal ( Support for image service configuration via standard keystoneauth1 Adapter options was added in the 17.0.0 Queens release. The api_servers option was retained temporarily to allow consumers time to cut over to a real load balancing solution. ). Its value may be silently ignored in the future. WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 6 seconds on interpreter 0x7f330deb4668 pid: 8 (default app) 2026-09-08 16:20:39.440 7 WARNING keystonemiddleware._common.config [None req-58fc51fb-350b-4458-b5a7-392d9c4464aa - - - - - -] The option "audit_map_file" is not known to keystonemiddleware 2026-09-08 16:20:39.449 7 WARNING keystonemiddleware.auth_token [None req-58fc51fb-350b-4458-b5a7-392d9c4464aa - - - - - -] Configuring www_authenticate_uri to point to the public identity endpoint is required; clients may not be able to authenticate against an admin endpoint 2026-09-08 16:20:39.506 7 WARNING keystonemiddleware._common.config [None req-58fc51fb-350b-4458-b5a7-392d9c4464aa - - - - - -] The option "audit_map_file" is not known to keystonemiddleware 2026-09-08 16:20:39.513 7 WARNING keystonemiddleware.auth_token [None req-58fc51fb-350b-4458-b5a7-392d9c4464aa - - - - - -] Configuring www_authenticate_uri to point to the public identity endpoint is required; clients may not be able to authenticate against an admin endpoint 2026-09-08 16:20:39.522 7 WARNING oslo_config.cfg [None req-58fc51fb-350b-4458-b5a7-392d9c4464aa - - - - - -] Deprecated: Option "api_servers" from group "glance" is deprecated for removal ( Support for image service configuration via standard keystoneauth1 Adapter options was added in the 17.0.0 Queens release. The api_servers option was retained temporarily to allow consumers time to cut over to a real load balancing solution. ). Its value may be silently ignored in the future. WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 6 seconds on interpreter 0x7f330deb4668 pid: 7 (default app) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 2/3] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:52 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 30 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 319 bytes (1 switches on core 0) /var/lib/openstack/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycadf/identifier.py:70: UserWarning: Invalid uuid: unknown. To ensure interoperability, identifiers should be a valid uuid. warnings.warn(('Invalid uuid: %s. To ensure interoperability, ' [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 2/4] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:52 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 605 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) /var/lib/openstack/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycadf/identifier.py:70: UserWarning: Invalid uuid: unknown. To ensure interoperability, identifiers should be a valid uuid. warnings.warn(('Invalid uuid: %s. To ensure interoperability, ' [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 3/5] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:52 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 128 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:20:52.948 8 INFO nova.api.openstack.wsgi [None req-fd29c85f-7792-424f-be1e-dbb8ad6a9bd9 f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] HTTP exception thrown: Flavor m1.tiny could not be found. [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 3/6] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1009 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:52 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/m1.tiny => generated 80 bytes in 25 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 9 headers in 380 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 4/7] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1049 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:52 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/detail?is_public=None => generated 15 bytes in 31 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 358 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 4/8] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1046 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:52 2026] POST /v2.1/flavors => generated 529 bytes in 47 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 5/9] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:53 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 319 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 5/10] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:53 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 30 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 6/11] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:53 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 11 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:20:53.938 8 INFO nova.api.openstack.wsgi [None req-c8db1a37-a5ec-4142-8cc6-cd61598e0aa4 f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] HTTP exception thrown: Flavor m1.small could not be found. [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 6/12] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1011 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:53 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/m1.small => generated 81 bytes in 8 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 9 headers in 380 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 7/13] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1049 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:53 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/detail?is_public=None => generated 532 bytes in 19 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 7/14] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1046 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:53 2026] POST /v2.1/flavors => generated 532 bytes in 20 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 8/15] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:54 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 319 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 8/16] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:54 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 37 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 9/17] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:54 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 9 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:20:54.944 8 INFO nova.api.openstack.wsgi [None req-a8450d75-7e9d-461f-8209-cd22f839dde2 f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] HTTP exception thrown: Flavor m1.medium could not be found. [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 9/18] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1013 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:54 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/m1.medium => generated 82 bytes in 17 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 9 headers in 380 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 10/19] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1049 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:54 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/detail?is_public=None => generated 1054 bytes in 16 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 360 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 10/20] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1046 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:54 2026] POST /v2.1/flavors => generated 533 bytes in 40 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 11/21] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:55 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 2 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 319 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 11/22] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:55 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 41 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 12/23] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:55 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 11 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:20:55.945 8 INFO nova.api.openstack.wsgi [None req-f59c5237-d4a3-41a5-9b54-317db8fa0a47 f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] HTTP exception thrown: Flavor m1.large could not be found. [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 12/24] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1011 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:55 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/m1.large => generated 81 bytes in 14 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 9 headers in 380 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 13/25] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1049 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:55 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/detail?is_public=None => generated 1577 bytes in 22 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 360 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 13/26] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1046 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:55 2026] POST /v2.1/flavors => generated 532 bytes in 33 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 15/28] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:56 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 2 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 322 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 16/30] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:56 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 40 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 15/31] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:56 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 11 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:20:56.976 8 INFO nova.api.openstack.wsgi [None req-f805d3c1-5f92-4721-a42b-afde4860ac9f f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] HTTP exception thrown: Flavor m1.xlarge could not be found. [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 17/32] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1013 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:56 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/m1.xlarge => generated 82 bytes in 16 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 9 headers in 380 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 16/33] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1049 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:56 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/detail?is_public=None => generated 2099 bytes in 25 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 360 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 18/34] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1046 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:20:57 2026] POST /v2.1/flavors => generated 535 bytes in 35 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 49/99] 10.0.0.16 () {28 vars in 454 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:26:20 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 319 bytes (1 switches on core 0) /var/lib/openstack/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycadf/identifier.py:70: UserWarning: Invalid uuid: nova. To ensure interoperability, identifiers should be a valid uuid. warnings.warn(('Invalid uuid: %s. To ensure interoperability, ' [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 51/100] 10.0.0.16 () {30 vars in 658 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:26:20 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 122 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 277 bytes (0 switches on core 0) /var/lib/openstack/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycadf/identifier.py:70: UserWarning: Invalid uuid: nova. To ensure interoperability, identifiers should be a valid uuid. warnings.warn(('Invalid uuid: %s. To ensure interoperability, ' [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 50/101] 10.0.0.16 () {32 vars in 731 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:26:20 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 411 bytes in 14 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 52/102] 10.0.0.16 () {34 vars in 804 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:26:20 2026] GET /v2.1/os-services?binary=nova-compute => generated 251 bytes in 183 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 75/147] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:30:06 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 322 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 73/150] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:30:06 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 442 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) /var/lib/openstack/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycadf/identifier.py:70: UserWarning: Invalid uuid: unknown. To ensure interoperability, identifiers should be a valid uuid. warnings.warn(('Invalid uuid: %s. To ensure interoperability, ' [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 78/151] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:30:06 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 17 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:30:06.997 7 INFO nova.api.openstack.wsgi [None req-5620c797-dc66-4f4a-94b2-980358ee5080 f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] HTTP exception thrown: Flavor m1.amphora could not be found. [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 74/152] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1015 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:30:06 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/m1.amphora => generated 83 bytes in 23 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 9 headers in 380 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 79/153] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1049 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:30:07 2026] GET /v2.1/flavors/detail?is_public=None => generated 2624 bytes in 52 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 360 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 75/154] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1047 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:30:07 2026] POST /v2.1/flavors => generated 534 bytes in 62 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 87/169] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:26 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 322 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 83/170] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:26 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 63 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 88/171] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:26 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 21 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:31:26.721 7 INFO nova.api.openstack.wsgi [None req-d74ee0d4-9637-4bb7-8f79-2abf7e3095df f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] HTTP exception thrown: Keypair octavia-amphora-ssh-key not found for user f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 84/172] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1049 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:26 2026] GET /v2.1/os-keypairs/octavia-amphora-ssh-key => generated 129 bytes in 13 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 9 headers in 381 bytes (1 switches on core 0) 2026-09-08 16:31:26.737 8 WARNING oslo_db.sqlalchemy.utils [None req-e7d4be49-0b6e-49d3-abe1-1129c463b78c f0a1cba7c58a47c7a5f5df067451b904 14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 - - default default] Unique keys not in sort_keys. The sorting order may be unstable. [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 89/173] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1014 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:26 2026] GET /v2.1/os-keypairs => generated 16 bytes in 23 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 358 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 85/174] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1055 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:26 2026] POST /v2.1/os-keypairs => generated 576 bytes in 116 msecs (HTTP/1.1 201) 9 headers in 364 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 87/177] 162.253.55.239 () {42 vars in 703 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:30 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 114 bytes in 1 msecs (HTTP/1.1 401) 6 headers in 319 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 91/178] 162.253.55.239 () {44 vars in 907 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:30 2026] GET /v2.1 => generated 0 bytes in 5 msecs (HTTP/1.1 302) 5 headers in 266 bytes (0 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 88/179] 162.253.55.239 () {46 vars in 980 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:30 2026] GET /v2.1/ => generated 400 bytes in 7 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 357 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 8|app: 0|req: 92/180] 162.253.55.239 () {48 vars in 1071 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:30 2026] GET /v2.1/os-quota-sets/14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 => generated 283 bytes in 143 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0) [pid: 7|app: 0|req: 89/181] 162.253.55.239 () {52 vars in 1123 bytes} [Tue Sep 8 16:31:31 2026] PUT /v2.1/os-quota-sets/14906a3c27cf4597b7f0a5173289ed71 => generated 238 bytes in 199 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 9 headers in 359 bytes (1 switches on core 0)